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Read This First:
How can you know how much you can trust what you are told by a prolife or prochoice organization's communications? How do you know if what a web site or newsletter says is accurate or not?
There is one easy rule to follow: Truthful sites provide reliable sources for their information.
As you look over the information on the Cemetery of Choice, you'll find that whenever possible, I provide either links to information or actual copies of documents such as news articles and death certificates. In other cases, I at least cite my sources in a way that they can be researched and verified.
Are other sources as reliable? Do they tell you where they got the information upon which they are basing their claims? If they don't, why not?
If there are conflicting claims, such as prolife versus prochoice assertions about the death of
Becky Bell
, check to see which site provides more reliable sources. In Becky's case, prochoice sites provide only assertions made by other abortion rights organizations or statements made by Becky's parents, who were recruited and coached by abortion-rights organizations. Prolife sites typically quote a crucial source: Becky's actual autopsy report,* which shows her reproductive organs to be perfectly healthy. Which sources can you trust?
Consider also the case of
Pauline Shirley
. Prochoice pages typically post the following unsubstantiated story verbatim:
Pauline Shirley and her six children were living with her mother in Arizona while her husband sought work in California. After an illegal abortion, she began to hemorrhage and was hospitalized. She needed massive transfusions. While Pauline’s mother searched the community for donors, Pauline bled to death.
I looked deeper and found an original and reliable source: Pauline's death certificate, which indicated that she died not from an induced abortion but from a miscarriage. Perhaps a family member saw "incomplete abortion, spontaneous" and didn't understand that a spontaneous abortion is the medical term for a miscarriage. My write-up of Pauline's death actually includes an image of the death certificate. Whose word is more trustworthy: the one based on the actual death certificate, or the unsubstantiated one repeated uncritically?
Never, never take anything you are told without question. Check the original sources.
*I read Becky Bell's autopsy report myself shortly after abortion-rights groups began taking them on speaking engagements around the country. I'm still trying to find an online copy and as soon as I find one I will share it, as I share my other sources.
The 1900s
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I have such an abundance of stories from this era because of the excellent research presented in the Homicide in Chicago Interactive Database and because news coverage of abortion was abundant during this time.
Women's Stories from the 1900s
Explore More by Time Frame
All Deaths by Name
1900
Ida Henry
, January 12, 1900 Age: 26
Dr. Paulina Bechtel, Chicago, IL
Barbara Shelgren
, January 22, 1900 Age: 25
Dr. Paulina Bechtel, Chicago, IL
Alice Koester
, March 5, 1900
Maria Janke, profession unspecified, Chicago, IL
Mary Jane Douds
, May 21, 1900 Age: 26
Unidentified perpetrator, Pittsburgh, PA
Mrs. Andre Jorgenson
, June 28, 1900
Midwife Anna Philgren (?), Chicago, IL
Sarah Bonda
, July 2, 1900 Age: 20
Midwife Martha Heisig, Chicago, IL
Juliette O'Brien
July 17, 1901 Age: 23
Dr. Michael A. Arnholt, Pittsburgh, PA
Mary Borglun
, August 4, 1900 Age: 20
Nurse or midwife Mary Kempfer, Chicago, IL
Ida Stewart
, September 20, 1900 Age: 37
Unidentified physician, Tipton, IN
1901
Juliet Pottinger
, January 7, 1901 Age: 21
Dr. Maggie Becker, Chicago, IL
Jennie Mallard
, January 16, 1901 Age: 20
Dr. Margaret Simmons, Chicago, IL
Jessie Matteson
,
May 9, 1901 Age: 22
Dr. J.B. Butts, Chicago, IL
Rosa May Swope
, July 5, 1901 Age: 24
Dr. F.D. Smith (?), Astoria, IL
Annie Robinson
,
August 18, 1901 Age: 28
Dr. Teresa Muenster (?), Chicago, IL
Irma Brown
November 15, 1901 Age: 22
Dr. Robert E. Gray (?), Chicago, IL
Rose Lefebre
, December 1, 1901 Age: 33
Unidentified perpetrator, Chicago, IL
1902
Dora McBride
, 1902
Mrs. Shaffer, profession unspecified, Paulding, OH
Harriet Larocque
, April 25, 1902, Age 19
Dr. Mary J. McCleery (?), New York, NY
Irene Wengel
, June 12, 1902
Dr. Lucy Hagenow, Chicago, IL
Henrietta Apple
, September 15, 1902 Age: 31
Midwife Lena Schott, New York, NY
1903
Emma Morris
, July 16, 1903 Age: 29
Verified self-induced with instrument, Jacksonville, IL
Florence Gaiewski
, September 4, 1903 Age: 23
Dr. Ladislaw Slominski (?), Chicago, IL
Sophie Herman
, November 1, 1903 Age: 23
Midwife Harla Faustman (?), Chicago, IL
1904
Stella Murgatroyd
, January 30, 1904 Age: 27
Dr. C. W. Manley, Illinois
Edith McIntyre
, April 1, 1904 Age: 24
Dr. Charles Eastman, Old Orchard, ME
Margaret McCarthy
, May 18, 1904 Age: 18
Midwife Gertrude Plenz, Chicago, IL
Alma Swanson
, July 11, 1904 Age: 24
Midwife Marie Anderson (?), Chicago, IL
Stanislawa Zagonski
,
September 30, 1904
Possible lay abortionist Mrs. Alexander Wojtanowski, Chicago, IL
Mary Lawson
,
October 6, 1904 Age: 33
Dr. Alois Rassmussen
(?), Chicago, IL
1905
Ida Vierow
January 6, 1905
Age: 28
Midwives Amella Maichrowicz and Anna Becker, Chicago, IL
Leona Loveless
, February 11, 1905 Age: 17
Unidentified perpetrator, Ischua, NY
Mary Putnam
, March 14, 1905 Age: 27
Dr. Lucy Hagenow, Chicago, IL
Ida Pomering
,
March 23, 1905 Age: 30
Doctor or midwife Apollonia Heinle, Chicago, IL
Ida Alice Bloom
, March 24, 1905 Age: 28
Dr. Julius Goltz, Chicago, IL
Hannah Calhoun
, May 7, 1905
Self-induced or unknown perpetrator, Peoria, IL
Susanna "Susan" Geary
September 19, 1905 Age: 20
Dr. Mary S. Dean, Boston, MA
Dorothy Spuhr
,
November 16, 1905 Age: 18
Midwife Julia Gibson, Chicago, IL
Annie Killhoff
, December 5, 1905 Age: 19
Dr. Joseph Vassumpaur (?), Chicago, IL
Elsie Holman
, December 9, 1905 Age: 27
Midwife Emma Schultz (?), Chicago, IL
1906
Jennie Martin
, January 16, 1906 Age: 28
Dr. William F. Briney, Chicago, IL
Mercedes Berriogobel
February 5, 1906 Age: 15
Unidentified perpetrator, Chicago, IL
Ida Prochnow
, February 20, 1906 Age: 35
Midwife Madaline Motgna, Chicago, IL
Bessie Orme
February 23, 1906 Age: 26
Dr. George Fosberg, Chicago, IL
Lola Maddison
, March 2, 1906 Age: 28
Dr. Lucy Hagenow, Chicago, IL
Otilia Winkler
, March 2, 1906, Age 23
Midwife Wilhemina Benn, Chicago, IL
Anna Gosch
, March 20, 1906
Unverified boyfriend/abortionist, Kearney, NE
Bessie Braun
, April 6, 1906 Age: 22
Midwife Julia Gibson, Chicago, IL
Johanna Faulner
June 29, 1906 Age: 40
Midwife Emily Redeniske
(?), Chicago, IL
Anna May Klanenberg
, August 23, 1906 Age: 24
Dr. J. W. Mitchell (?), Chicago, IL
Annie Heaney
, September 26, 1906 Age: 50
Dr. Jonathan L. Miller (?), Chicago, IL
Emma Miller
, November 24, 1906 Age: 22
Chicago, IL
1907
Ellen White
, January 10, 1907 Age: 36
Midwife Ellen Watchek, Chicago, IL
Sarah Cushing
,
January 15, 1907 Age: 24
Midwife Gertrude Plenz, Chicago, IL
Nellie Walsh
, February 12, 1907 Age: 28
Dr. Adolph Buettner, Chicago, IL
Ella Brunswick
, March 5, 1907 Age: 24
Midwife Kunigundi Hardman, Chicago, IL
Paulina Schneider
, March 17, 1907
Dr. Robert Emery (?), Peoria, IL
Bessie Simons
, March 19, 1907 Age: 30
Dr. Charles D. Hughes (?), Chicago, IL
Dora Swan
,
March 23, 1907 Age: 24
Dr. Louise Achtenberg, Chicago, IL
Annie Raabe
, April 4, 1907 Age: 33
Undetermined perpetrator, Chicago, IL
Norma Beck
, April 4, 1907 Age: 32
Dr. Thomas Balhollchett (?), Chicago, IL
Annie Horvatich
,
May 6, 1907 Age: 26
Dr. Lucy Hagenow, Chicago, IL
Julia Williamson
, June 6, 1907 Age: 29
Midwife Emily Redemski, Chicago, IL
Madeline Paffrath
,
July 21, 1907 Age: c. 21
Midwife Harcone Scheutner or midwife Alice Gustafson, Chicago, IL
Mabel Brock
,
September 23, 1907 Age: 27
Midwife Mrs. Lobbie, Hobart, IN
Lizzie Paulson
, November 24, 1907 Age: 38
Possible lay abortionist John Nelson, Chicago, IL
Marcie Mayer
,
December 29, 1907 Age: 19
Midwife Mary Bing, Chicago, IL
1908
"
Dottie H.
,"
February 23, 1908
Unspecified physician, Chicago, IL
"
Ruby C.
,"
March 2, 1908 Age: 24
Unspecified midwife, Chicago, IL
Nellie Shuff
,
March 7, 1908 Age: 26
Midwife Johanna White, Chicago, IL
Sophia Turner
,
April 18, 1908 Age: 36
Dr. Jessie E. Robertson (?), Chicago, IL
Annie Johnson
,
April 25, 1908 Age: 32
Midwife Augusta Heiderich, Chicago, IL
Cora Johnson
, April 26, 1908 Age: 32
Midwife Mrs. Dietrich (?), Chicago, IL
Elizabeth Gies
, June 19, 1908 Age: 27
Dr. William H. Wilson (?), Philadelphia, PA
Lillie O'Neill
June 24, 1908 Age: 36
Dr. Albert C. Davis, Chicago, IL
"
Cathy W.
,"
July 11, 1909 Age: 24
Verified self-induced with catheter, Chicago
Bertha Isserstadt
August 14, 1908 Age: 23
Possible lay abortionist Margaret Wiedman (?), Chicago, IL
Ida Peterson
,
September 10, 1908 Age 27
Possible lay abortionist, Chicago, IL
"
Sophie G
."
, September 27, 1908
Unspecified midwife, Chicago, IL
Mary Rahn
,
October 1, 1908 Age: 21
Midwife Frida Trappe (?), Chicago, IL
Lillian Stelborn
,
October 2, 1908 Age: 19
Unidentified perpetrator, Chicago, IL
"
Cathy R.
,"
October 13, 1908 Age: 19
Verified self-induced with catheter, Chicago, IL
Olga Anderson
,
October 14, 1908 Age: 23
Unidentified perpetrator, Chicago, IL
"
Millie T.
,"
December 22 or 23, 1908 Age: 25
Unspecified midwife, Chicago, IL
Christina Pearson
,
December 24, 1908 Age: 38
Dr. L. A. Mueller
(?), Chicago, IL
1909
Mary Prestkiewicz
,
1909 Age: 17
Dr. Golumbowski (?), Chicago, IL
Florence Wright
,
January 12, 1909 Age: 34
Midwife Louisa Achtenberg, Chicago
Kate Blust
, March 12, 1909 Age: 22
Midwife Emma Novak (?), Chicago, IL
Lena Oppendal
March 13, 1909 Age: 37
Midwife Carrin Bakke (?), Chicago, IL
Carrie Person
, March 25, 1909 Age: 37
Midwife Caroline Meyer, Chicago, IL
Stella Kelly
,
April 30, 1909 Age: 28
Midwife
Louise Achtenberg
, Chicago, IL
"
Tessa Z.
,"
June 22, 1909 Age: 29
Unspecified midwife, Chicago, IL
Lillian Swing
,
August 15, 1909 Age: 15
Dr. Hamilton Shaver
(?), Chicago, IL
Anna Dennin
, August 27, 1909 Age: 23
Dr. E. Mayeke
(?), Chicago, IL
Marian Lang
,
November 11, 1909, Age: 29
Dr. E. L. Pope
(?), Chicago, IL
Anna Pozajevich
, November 23, 1909 Age: 24
Possible lay abortionist, Chicago, IL
"
Sadie D.
,"
December 22 or 23, 1909 Age: 39
Suspected abortion, perpetrator unidentified, Chicago, IL
"
Cathy H.
,"
December 25, 1909 Age: 28
Verified self-induced with catheter, Chicago, IL
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